Uchaenda rinhi fomati yedhiraivha yeUSB, kadhi reSD kana dhiraivha yakaomaKamwe kamwe, ma "acronym" anowanikwa kwese kwese: FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS… uye kazhinji tinosarudza sarudzo isina kurongeka nekuti "ndiyo default." Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko ekubatana, miganhu yehukuru hwemafaira inonetsa, kana kutokanganisa kusinganzwisisike pakubatanidza drive kuTV, game console, kana nharembozha.
Kusarudza chaiyo pakati pe exFAT, FAT32, FAT neFAT16 Kunzwisisa NTFS, EXT, HFS, nezvimwewo (uye kuziva izvi) kunoita mutsauko mukuru pakati pedhiraivha inoshanda zvakanaka neinoshanda nguva nenguva. Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura zviri nyore kuti faira chii, kuti fomati yega yega inopa chii, zvipingamupinyi zvayo, uye kuti ndeipi nguva yakanakisisa yekushandisa imwe neimwe. Chinangwa ndechekuti, paunopedza kuverenga, kugadzira dhiraivha hakuzove kubhejera asi chisarudzo chekuziva.
Chii chinonzi file system uye nei ichikosha?
Un faira system Ndiyo nzira iyo system yekushandisa inoronga data pa hard drive, SSD, SD card, kana USB drive. Ndiyo "logic infrastructure" inokutendera kuti uchengetedze mafaira, uzive kwaanotanga nekwaanopera, kuti anonzi ani, saizi yawo, uye kuti mvumo kana hunhu hupi hunobatanidzwa nawo.
Pasina system yemafaira, data raizove nyonganyonga huru: mabhuroko emashoko yakapararira mudhisiki pasina kurongeka, hazvigoneke kuwana zviri nyore. Sisitimu yemafaira ine basa rekugadzira chimiro chedhairekitori uye kunyora ruzivo rwakakosha mumetadata yayo, senge mazuva ekugadzira nekushandura, saizi, muridzi, uye mvumo yekuwana.
Hukama huri pakati sisitimu yekushandisa uye sisitimu yemafaira Yakamanikana zvikuru. Maitiro akajairika ndeekuti: unogadzira chikamu, wochigadzira uchishandisa system yemafaira (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, nezvimwewo), uye kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi system yekushandisa inoshandisa chimiro ichocho kuchengetedza nekutora magwaro ako, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, kana mapurogiramu.
Metadata yefaira iyi inochengetedza ruzivo rwakadai sezuva rekugadzirwa, zuva rekugadzirisa rekupedzisira, zuva rekupedzisira rekupinda, saizi, uye mvumo, zvinobatsira pa ronga mafaera akoNguva dzese dzaunochengeta kana kutamisa faira, sisitimu yemafaira inovandudza ruzivo irworwo uye inochengetedza indekisi inobvumira sisitimu yekushandisa kuti iwane zvaunoda nekukurumidza.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemafaira: dhisiki, tepi, network, transactional, special… asi mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva tinowanzo shanda nemafaira edhisiki: FAT, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS MuWindows, HFS neAPFS zvinoshandiswa mu macOS; uye muLinux, EXT2/3/4, XFS, Btrfs, nezvimwewo. Imwe neimwe yakagadzirwa nemashandisirwo ayo uye zvipingamupinyi.
Kugadzira makadhi eSD nemakadhi ekurangarira emafoni, makamera uye maconsoles emitambo
Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekushandisa SD kana microSD card Inoshanda zvakanaka pakamera, koni, drone, kana nharembozha.Kurudziro yakachengeteka ndeyekuigadzira kubva pamudziyo pachawo. Kombiyuta inoshandisa system yemafaira, saizi ye cluster, uye rudzi rwechikamu chainoda, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanaka uye kudzivirira matambudziko ekubatana.
Paunoisa kadhi, zvishandiso zvakawanda zvinotarisa kana system yemafaira iriyo yavaitarisira; kana isiriyo, Vanoratidza meseji kuti inyorerweKazhinji, hauzokwanisi kusarudza fomati yacho, uye hauzombooni kana ichizoshandisa FAT32 kana exFAT, asi hazvina kuipa: mudziyo wacho unotarisira zvese. Kana usina chokwadi, zvakanaka kutarisa bhuku rekushandisa.
Kana mudziyo wacho usina sarudzo yefomati kana kuti kadhi riri kushanda zvisina kunaka, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chishandiso chepamutemo. SD Memory Kadhi Formatter kubva kuSD Association pachinzvimbo cheWindows kana macOS tools. Chishandiso ichi chinoremekedza zvirevo zvepamutemo zvemakadhi eSD, SDHC, uye SDXC, zvichisarudza nemazvo system yemafaira uye saizi yekugovera.
Kazhinji, SD Formatter ichashandisa FAT32 kusvika ku32 GB uye exFAT kubva ipapo zvichienda mberiMafomati aya anozivikanwa nehurongwa hwese huripo. Zvisinei, mafomati anodzima zvese zviri mukati, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti uchengetedze data rako usati wachinja chero chinhu.
Masisitimu emafaira akajairika muWindows, macOS, uye Linux
MuWindows, masisitimu emafaira emuno akakosha zvikuru ndeaya Mafuta (FAT12/16), FAT32, exFAT uye NTFSLinux inonyanya kushanda neEXT2/3/4, XFS, JFS, Btrfs, nepo macOS ichishandisa HFS/HFS+ uye, mushanduro dzichangoburwa, APFS.
Sisitimu yega yega yekushandisa inopa rutsigiro rwakasiyana kune yega yega fomati: Windows inogona kuverenga nekunyora kuFAT, FAT32, exFAT, uye NTFS.macOS inogona kushanda neFAT32 ne exFAT, uye inowanzo verenga NTFS chete; Linux inoverenga FAT/FAT32/exFAT pamwe ne NTFS, kunyangwe iine madhiraivha akagadzirwa munharaunda.
Munyika yemafoni kunewo zvinhu zvakakosha: Android inowanzo shandisa EXT4 kana F2FS kuchengetedza mukatiMadhiraivha ekuchengetedza mukati anowanzo gadzirwa muFAT32 kana exFAT, nepo madhiraivha ekuchengetedza ekunze anowanzo gadzirwa muFAT32 kana exFAT. Midziyo yeApple inoshandisa APFS mukati, kunyange hazvo iOS ne iPadOS zvichigona kuwana madhiraivha ekunze anoenderana uchishandisa sisitimu yemafaira iyo mudziyo unonzwisisa.
FAT, FAT16, FAT32 uye exFAT: kushanduka-shanduka uye mutsauko mukuru
Mhuri yeFAT (File Allocation Table) yagara iri kushandiswa, asi ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Yakatanga muna 1977, pakutanga yaishandiswa pamadisiki efloppy, uye nekufamba kwenguva yakazoshandiswa kumadhiraivha akaomarara nemhando dzese dzemidziyo inobviswa. zviri nyore uye zvinoenderana zvakanyanya Uye ndosaka zvichiri kuramba zvichishandiswa pama USB flash drive akawanda uye makadhi eSD.
Mhando dzekutanga dzaive FAT8, FAT12 uye FAT16, dzakashandiswa muDOS dzepakutanga uye mumasystem akaita seWindows 95. FAT16 Yakava yakakurumbira senzira huru yemafaira kwemakore, kunyange zvazvo yaive nemiganhu yakakura yehuwandu uye saizi yemafaira.
FAT32 yakauya neWindows 95 OSR2 (95B) sekuwedzera kweFAT16. Haina kutsiva FAT16 zvachose, asi yakawedzera huwandu hwema clusters anogona kugadziriswa nekuda kwe "data width" ye32-bit, zvichibvumira mavhoriyamu makuru. Ma partitions madiki (ari pasi pe512 MiB) aigarogadzirwa muFAT16.
Huwandu hwakanyanya hwemaboka anogona kubatwa neFAT32 ndehwe 268.435.456Saizi yepamusoro yeboka i32 KB. Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, FAT32X inogona kushandiswa kana access ichiitwa uchishandisa LBA (Logical Block Addressing), asi ruzivo rwemushandisi runoramba rwakafanana.
exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) yakabuda muna 2006 senzira yekuvandudza ma flash drive, makadhi e SDHC/SDXC, uye ma USB drive ane simba guru. Kunyangwe ichigara nhaka yepfungwa dziri nyore dzeFAT, Haisi kungori "shanduro yakagadziridzwa yeFAT32" cheteasi dhizaini yakagadzirirwa saizi huru dzemafaira uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera inobviswa.
FAT32 Features
FAT32 ndeimwe yemafomati ekare atichiri kushandisa zuva nezuva. Yave iripo kwemakumi emakore, uye simba rayo guru nderekuti inoenderana nezvinodiwa. chero system yekushandisa, terevhizheni, koni, kana kamera Inogona kuverenga FAT32 drive.
Dambudziko reFAT32 nderekuti ine muganho wehukuru hwemafaira: Haikwanise kubata mafaira ega ega akakura kupfuura 4 GBKana ukaedza kukopa mufananidzo wefirimu kana dhisiki wakakura kwazvo, uchawana meseji yekuti "faira racho rakakura zvakanyanya kune system yefaira rekuenda".
Kuwedzera pamuganho wehukuru hwemafaira hwe4 GB, FAT32 ine zvirambidzo zvehukuru hwezvikamu. Muchokwadi, zvikamu zveFAT32 zvinowanzo ganhurira ku 2 TB mumasisitimu akawanda. Kune madhiraivha emazuva ano e multi-terabyte, izvi zvinoita kuti isafadze senzira yekutanga.
Kupatsanuka kwefaira (fragmentation) chimwe chikanganiso cheFAT32. Sisitimu iyi inogadzira kupatsanuka kwakawanda kupfuura NTFS, iyo yairatidza kuti kupatsanuka kwefaira (defragmentation) kwaikosha nguva nenguva. Izvi zvaionekwa zvakanyanya pamadhiraivha ekare emakanika; kukanganiswa kwacho kwakasiyana pamadhiraivha eflash, kunyangwe kuchengetedza kurongeka kwacho kuchigara kuchibatsira.
Kana iri nhamba yemafaira, FAT32 inogona kubata kusvika ku 268 mamiriyoni, inokwana kushandiswa kwakawanda kumba, kunyangwe mumasisitimu ane mafaira madiki akawanda mashandiro anogona kutanga kukanganiswa.
FAT16 Features
FAT16 ndiyo yaive tsika yemakore akawanda muMS-DOS uye mavhezheni ekutanga eWindows. Zvichienzaniswa neFAT12, yaibvumira mavhoriyamu akawanda uye manejimendi ari nani yemapoka, asi yakaramba iine zvipingamupinyi zvitsva sezvo kugona kwemadhiraivha ehard drive kwakawedzera.
NeFAT16 uye mamwe madhiraivha akaita seFAT16B kana FAT16X, madhiraivha anosvika 2 GB nehukuru hwakakwana hwema cluster (semuenzaniso, 32 KB), asi mukuita izvi zvakaderera zvikuru nekusvika kwema disks makuru uye kuwedzera kwezviri mukati me multimedia.
Nhasi, FAT16 yava kushandiswa mumidziyo yekare kana kuti nzvimbo diki dzekuchengetera zvinhu. Masisitimu aripo haawanzoishandisi kunze kwekunge ari mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. kuenderana kwemashure.
Zvinhu zve exFAT
exFAT yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kukunda zvipingamupinyi zveFAT32 pamadhiraivha ekunze. Inokubvumira kuti ugone kudzora mafaira makuru (zvine makumi ematerabytes) uye mavhoriyamu makuru kwazvo, ukuwo ichichengetedza chimiro chakareruka uye chakareruka.
Kusiyana neNTFS, exFAT haina maficha akawanda epamusoro akadai semvumo dzakaoma, kudzvanywa, kana kuvharirwa mukati, asi ine mari shoma uye haina chekuita nekushandisa. yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mu flash memory nemadhiraivha ekunze.
Kuenderana kwe exFAT kuri nani nhasi kupfuura makore apfuura. Windows, macOS, uye akawanda maLinux distributions aripo zvino anotsigira izvi (kana kuburikidza nemapakeji epamutemo), uye maTV emazuva ano akawanda, vatambi venhau, makamera, uye maconsoles emitambo vanogona kuiverenga pasina matambudziko.
Nekubvisa muganho we4GB pafaira rega rega uye kubvumira zvikamu zvakakura kupfuura 16 EBexFAT yakanakira madhiraivha ekunze ane 64GB zvichikwira kwaunoda kuchengeta mavhidhiyo e4K/8K, makopi akazara ekuchengetedza data kana maraibhurari emitambo uye kuramba uchishandisa dhiraivha iyi pamasisitimu akasiyana-siyana ekushanda.
Misiyano inoshanda: FAT16 vs FAT32 vs exFAT
Pakati peFAT16 neFAT32, musiyano mukuru uri muhuwandu nehukuru hweboka. FAT32 inobvumira mamwe mapoka akawanda uye nekudaro mavhoriyamu ematirabhaiti akati wandeiukuwo FAT16 iri mu gigabyte range.
Kana tichienzanisa neFAT32, exFAT imhando ye "FAT32 yakakamurwa": inoramba ichishanda zvakanaka uye iri nyore, asi haichakwanisi kuisa muganho wehukuru hwefaira hwe4GB kana zvirambidzo zvakafanana zvehukuru. Mukutaura, kana mudziyo uchitsigira exFAT, Inenge nguva dzose ndiyo sarudzo iri nani. kupfuura FAT32.
Kana mudziyo uchingonzwisisa FAT (FAT12/16/32 chete), sezvinoita maTV mazhinji eAndroid, iyi ndiyo chete fomati yaungashandise. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, zvakanaka kurega mudziyo wacho uchigadzira dhiraivha kuenda kune system yemafaira yaunoda.
NTFS nedzimwe nzira dzemafaira muWindows
NTFS (New Technology File System) ndiyo system yemafaira yemazuva ano inoshandiswa muWindows. Yakagadzirirwa kukunda zvipingamupinyi zveFAT32 muhukuru hwemafaira nechikamu, uye kuwedzera maficha epamusoro atinotora seasina basa.
NTFS inobvisa muganho wehukuru hwemafaira e4GB: inogona kubata mafaira anosvika 16 TB uye mavhoriyamu edzidziso anosvika 16 EB, anopfuura zvakanyanya zvatinowanzoshandisa kumba. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive fomati yakakodzera yemadhiraivha emukati, maconsoles emitambo, uye kuchengetedza maraibhurari makuru emultimedia munzvimbo dzeWindows.
NTFS inosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwakakosha kwakadai se mvumo dzakatetepa, kunyora mumagazini, uye kuvharidzira Yakabatanidzwa. Zvese izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedzeka, kugadzikana, uye manejimendi yedata yepamusoro.
Dambudziko guru reNTFS nderekuti inoshanda zvakanaka kunze kweWindows. Semuenzaniso, macOS inogona kuverenga madhiraivha eNTFS asi hainyorere kwavari isina software yekuwedzera. Mamwe maSmart TV kana ma media player haazive fomati yacho, kana kuti zvishoma chete.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, NTFS inokurudzirwa senzira huru yemafaira emadhiraivha emukati muWindows nemadhiraivha ekunze ayo auchashandisa chete nemakombiyuta eWindows. Kana macOS, Linux, maconsoles, kana maTV achishanda, zvakakosha kufunga nezvemamwe masystem emafaira. exFAT kudzivirira kutyisa.
ReFS: mutsivi wepamusoro, haasati anyatsoenderana
ReFS (Resilient File System) ndiyo nzira yeMicrosoft yekuedza kupfuura NTFS. Yave ichishandiswa kwemakore munzvimbo dzemaseva nedata center, uye muWindows 11 yazvino yatanga kushandiswa kune mamwe mashandisirwo chaiwo.
Simba rayo riri mukushanda kwayo uye kusimba kwayo nemafaira akawanda, kunyangwe kana ichishanda nemafaira madiki kana mabasa akawanda. Zvisinei, Kuenderana kwazvino kuri kushoma kwazvo.: chaizvoizvo inongogumira kune zviitiko zvakananga mukati meWindows 11 yemazuva ano.
Kune vanhu vanogara pamba, ReFS haisi sarudzo inoshanda. Hauzokwanisi kuishandisa paTV, magame consoles, mamwe maoperating system, kana maWindows versions ekare. Saka, kunze kwekunge uine zvaunoda chaizvo, zvakanaka kukanganwa nezvazvo parizvino.
EXT2/3/4, HFS/APFS nedzimwe nzira dziri kunze kweWindows
MuLinux, mhuri yeEXT (EXT2, EXT3, EXT4) ndiyo yagara iri standard chaiyo. EXT4 Ndiyo shanduro inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pari zvino, ine kuvandudzwa kwekushanda, kubata mavhoriyamu akawanda, uye kuvimbika. Yakanakira zvikamu zvesystem nedata mukati meLinux.
Windows hainzwisisi EXT, saka kana ukagadzira dhisiki muEXT4 yeLinux, kubva kuWindows uchada maturusi echitatu kana Windows Subsystem yeLinux (WSL) kuti uwane data iroro, kazhinji kubva kuconsole.
Apple, iyo inoshandisa APFS mushanduro dzayo dzemazuva ano dzemacOS ne iOS. Kare, HFS kana HFS+ zvaive zvakajairika, uye izvi zvichiri kuwanikwa pamichina yekare kana madhisiki ekuchengetedza eTime Machine.
APFS inogona kunzi yakafanana neNTFS muApple ecosystem: yakagadzirirwa maSSD, ine mashandiro akanaka, encryption, snapshots, uye manejimendi yepamusoro. HFS + Ingave chinhu chakaita seFAT32 "yakagadziriswa", kunyangwe paine rutsigiro rwuri nani rwemafaira makuru.
Pamafoni eAndroid, EXT4 neF2FS ndiwo mafomati epamusoro ekuchengetedza ndangariro yemukati. F2FS Yakagadzirirwa zvakananga flash memory, kunyange zvazvo ine muganho wehukuru hwefaira hwe4GB izvo zvinogona kunge zvisina kunaka mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nepo EXT4 isina muganho iwoyo.
Tafura yefaira vs tafura yekuparadzanisa (MBR neGPT)
Sisitimu yemafaira haifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa netafura yekuparadzanisa. Sisitimu yemafaira (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, nezvimwewo) inotsanangura kuti data rinorongwa sei uye rinotariswa sei mukati mechikamu. Tafura yekuparadzanisa, kune rumwe rutivi, ndiyo indekisi inotsanangura kuti nzvimbo yedhisiki chaiyo inokamurwa sei kuita chikamu chimwe chete kana kupfuura.
Tafura yekuparadzanisa inochengetedza data rakadai senzvimbo dzekutanga nedzekupedzisira dzechikamu chimwe nechimwe, rudzi rwefaira ririmo, ringave rinogona kubhuroka, rekuverenga chete, nezvimwewo. Pasina tafura yekuparadzanisa yakafanana, sisitimu yekushandisa inogona kusaziva dhiraivha nemazvo kana kuiratidza se "diski isina kugadzwa."
Zvirongwa zviviri zvinonyanya kushandiswa ndeizvi MBR (Master Boot Record) uye GPT (GUID Partition Table)MBR ndiyo fomati yekare, inoenderana zvakanyanya neBIOS yekare nemidziyo, asi ine saizi shoma uye huwandu hwezvikamu.
GPT ndiyo standard yemazuva ano, yakagadzirirwa UEFI. Inobvumira madhisiki makuru kwazvo, ma partitions akawanda, uye maficha epamusoro senge Secure Boot. Windows 11 uye gare gare inoda GPT yedhiraivha yesystem. Zvisinei, mimwe midziyo yekutanga (TV, media players dzisingadhuri) ingasatsigira GPT uye inongogona kuverenga madhisiki eMBR chete.
Mukuita, tafura yekuparadzanisa uye sisitimu yemafaira zviri zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyanaKutanga, unotsanangura kuti dhisiki inopatsanurwa sei (MBR/GPT), uye kuti ndeipi system yemafaira inoshandiswa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Zvakakosha kurangarira musiyano uyu kuti usavhiringidze pfungwa paunenge uchigadzira mafomati.
Kuenzanisa zvakananga pakati peFAT32 neNTFS neexFAT
Pakati peFAT32 neNTFS, musiyano uri pachena ndewehukuru hwefaira hwakanyanya. FAT32 inotsigira mafaira anosvika 4 GB cheteNTFS inobvumira mafaira anosvika 16 TB, izvo "zvisina muganho" pakushandiswa kwakajairika kumba.
Panewo musiyano muhuwandu hwema "partitioning capacity": FAT32 inowanzo shandiswa kusvika ku2 TB, ukuwo NTFS ichikwira kusvika pa exabytes. Kana uine dhisiki rakakura kupfuura 2 TB raunoda kushandisa zvizere, unofanira kushandisa. NTFS (kana imwe nzira yemazuva ano) kuitira kuti tisaparadze nzvimbo.
Kuenzanisa FAT32 ne exFAT, mukana we exFAT zvakare ihukuru. exFAT inogona kubata mafaira akafanana neNTFS (16 TB) uye mavhoriyamu akawanda, ukuwo FAT32 yakabatirira pa4 GB pafaira rega rega. Kana dhiraivha yako iine huwandu hunopfuura 4 GB, kushandisa FAT32 hakuna zvakunobatsira pane exFAT kunze kwekunge ichishanda nemidziyo yekare.
Pakati pe exFAT ne NTFS, zvirevo zvehukuru hwefaira zvakafanana zvikuru. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti zvinoenderana sei: exFAT inoshanda nenzira yechisikigo zvikuru NTFS inoshandiswa paWindows, macOS, maLinux distributions akawanda, maTV, uye maconsoles. NTFS, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeyeMicrosoft uye pane mamwe masisitimu inowanzo shomeka kana kutsigirwa chete kuburikidza nemadhiraivha ekunze.
Kana uchizobatanidza dhiraivha kune mamwe masisitimu ekushandisa kana zvishandiso zvakaita seterevhizheni, exFAT ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka zvikuruKana uchiziva kuti uchaishandisa neWindows chete, NTFS ichakupa mamwe maficha uye mashandiro.
Kushanda: Ndeipi system yefaira inokurumidza?
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, mafomati ese matatu (FAT32, exFAT, uye NTFS) anogona kushandisa zvizere fast drive, ingave USB 3.0, SSD kana NVMe. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvidiki zvichienderana nerudzi rwefaira uye mashandiro ari kuitwa.
Nemafaira madiki kwazvo, NTFS ndiyo inonyanya kushanda zvakanakaMumiedzo yakajairika, kunyora mafaira madiki kuNTFS kunogona kukurumidza kusvika 40% kupfuura FAT32, nepo exFAT ichikurumidza kusvika 25% kupfuura FAT32. NTFS inowanzova nebhenefiti pakuverenga mafaira madiki aya, kunyangwe kumhanya kwacho kwakaderera zvishoma.
Kana tichishandisa mafaira ari pakati nepakati kusvika makuru, musiyano uripo pakati peFAT32, exFAT, neNTFS unenge wava kuda kupera. Ose ane mashandiro akafanana, ane musiyano we5% usinganyatsooneki mukushandiswa kwechokwadi, chero bedzi chiteshi (USB 3.0 vs. 2.0) chisiri icho chinokonzera dambudziko.
Pakukopa mafaira makuru kwazvo (mifananidzo yeISO, mavhidhiyo e4K, makopi akazara), FAT32 haina kukodzera nekuda kwemuganho wayo we4GB, saka sarudzo chaiyo iri pakati pe exFAT ne NTFS. Mashandiro achafanana zvikuru, saka compatibilidad Ndiyo zvakare chinhu chinokosha.
Kuenderana kwemidziyo: Makomputa, nharembozha, maTV nemaconsoles
Windows inochinjika zvakanyanya: inonzwisisa FAT32, exFAT, uye NTFS pasina dambudziko. Kune madhisiki emukati nemadhiraivha anodya zvakawanda, NTFS ndiyo sarudzo inokurudzirwaKune zvishandiso zvinobviswa paWindows zvichabviswa, exFAT ndiyo sarudzo iri nani.
macOS inogona kuverenga NTFS asi haisi nguva dzose inoinyorera isina rubatsiro rwekunze. NeFAT32 ne exFAT, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuverenga nekunyora pasina zvipingamupinyi, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore. Sarudzo dzakanakira madhiraivha pakati peMac nePC.
Linux inoshanda zvakanaka neFAT32 ne exFAT, uye inogonawo kuwana NTFS nekuda kwemadhiraivha akaita seNTFS-3G, kunyange zvazvo ipapo iwe uchivimba nekushandiswa kwakasiyana nekwaMicrosoft.
Pama consoles, PlayStation neXbox zvinowanzo gamuchira FAT32 ne exFAT kuma external drives. Ma consoles eSony haawanzo shanda zvakanaka ku NTFS, nepo Xbox ichigona kuchinjika zvishoma, asi kana uchida kuva wakachengeteka, FAT32/exFAT ndiyo nzira.
MaTV eAndroid anowanzo tsigira masisitimu emafaira akavakirwa paFAT chete. Paunobatanidza USB drive kana external hard drive, TV inoiskena uye, kana ikaona fomati isingatsigirwi, inowanzo bvumidza kuigadzira kuFAT kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda. Zvakanakisisa kurega TV ichiita fomati yekutanga kana uchizoshandisa dhiraivha yacho nechinangwa ichocho.
Ndeipi system yefaira yekusarudza mune imwe neimwe nyaya
Kana uri kushandisa USB drive diki, unongochengetera magwaro kana mafaira madiki chete, FAT32 ichiri kushanda uye inoenderana zvikuru, kunyanya kana uchizoibatanidza mumakombiyuta ekare, ma stereo emotokari kana zvishandiso "zvisina kugadzikana".
Kana uchida kutamisa mafaira akakura kupfuura 4 GB pakati peWindows, macOS, neLinux, exFAT Iyi ndiyo fomati inokurudzirwa. Yakanakira madhiraivha makuru ekunze anoshandiswa pakuchengetedza makopi kana kutakura mavhidhiyo ane resolution yepamusoro.
Kana nzvimbo yako yese iri yeWindows uye uchida kushandisa zvakanyanya hard drive yemukati kana yemutambo, NTFS Ndiwo maitiro ari pachena. Anobvumira mafaira makuru, anogadzirisa zviri nani kupatsanurwa, uye anopa nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakasimba uye dzekuchengetedza.
Kana uchigara munzvimbo yeApple uye uchishandisa maMac nezvimwe zvishandiso zveApple chete, zvakajairika kuti ugare imomo APFS Kune madhisiki esystem, HFS+ inoshandiswa pane mamwe madhiraivha ekunze kana mabackup ekare eTime Machine. Zvisinei, kune madhisiki anogovaniswa neWindows, exFAT ndiyo sarudzo yakajairika zvakare.
Kana mamiriro ako ezvinhu achitenderera paLinux uye mayuniti acho achingoshandiswa chete paGNU/Linux-type systems, EXT4 Ndiyo nzira yakakodzera. Pakutumira mawebhusaiti neWindows neMac, uchashandisa zvakare exFAT.
Chinja system yefaira: fomati kana shandura
Kana uchida kuchinja faira redhiraivha, une sarudzo mbiri: fomati kana kushandura. Kugadzira mafomati kunodzima zvese uye inogadzira system yemafaira kubva pakutanga; shandura kuedza kuchinja fomati pasina kurasikirwa nedata.
Kufomata ndiyo sarudzo iri nyore uye inonyanya kushandiswa nevanhu vose. Kubva kuWindows Explorer, Disk Management, kana maturusi akafanana mu macOS neLinux, unogona kusarudza dhiraivha, kusarudza FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT, nezvimwewo, woshandisa shanduko yacho. Zvisinei, izvi zvinodzima zvese zviri mukati, saka kuchengetedza data rako nguva isati yasvika kwakakosha.
Chakanakira kugadzira mafaira ndechekuti unogona kuchinja kuenda kune chero system yemafaira (FAT32 → exFAT, NTFS → FAT32, nezvimwewo), nepo ma converter anowanzo kuve mashoma. Ndiyo sarudzo yakakwana yema disks matsva kana ma drive kwausingade kuchengetedza data riripo.
Maturusi ekushandura asina kurasikirwa anokubvumidza kushandura pakati peFAT32 neNTFS pasina kufomata, izvo zvinobatsira kana dhiraivha yakazara nemafaira akakosha. Mapurogiramu echitatu (partition managers) anopa mashandiro aya uye, mune dzimwe nguva, anotoshandura kuita Linux EXT systems.
Usati washandisa converter, zvakanaka kuva ne backup, nekuti chero kutadza kwemagetsi, kudonha kweconnection, kana bug zvinogona kusiya drive iri mumamiriro asina kurongeka. Asi kana zvese zvikafamba zvakanaka, unogona kuwana format yakakodzera pasina dambudziko rekufambisa mazana emagigabytes kune imwe nzvimbo.
Zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvefaira system uye maitiro ekugadzirisa nazvo
Kana system yemafaira yakakuvara kana paine kusawirirana, mameseji asinganzwisisike anotanga kuoneka: "vhoriyamu haina system yemafaira inozivikanwa", "faira rakakura zvakanyanya kune system yemafaira ekuenda", madhisiki eRAW, Zviratidziro zvebhuruu zvine chekuita neNTFS, Etc.
Zvikonzero zvinogona kuva zvakawanda: mavhairasi, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, kubvisa USB pasina kuiburitsaKukanganiswa kwekukopa mafaira, masector akaipa, zvikanganiso zvekuparadzanisa… Zvese izvi zvinogona kukanganisa metadata uye kuita kuti drive isakwanise kusvikwa.
Kana dhiraivha ichiri kuoneka musystem kunyangwe usingakwanise kuivhura, chinhu chikuru ndechekuedza kudzoreredza data uchishandisa software yakasarudzika usati waedza. Maturusi mazhinji anokubvumidza kuti uskene FAT16/32, exFAT, uye NTFS partitions, kunyangwe system ikaaisa muRAW.
MuWindows, danho rekutanga nderekushandisa chishandiso chekutarisa zvikanganiso (ScanDisk/CHKDSK): tinya-kurudyi padhiraivha → Properties → Tools tab → Check. Iyi utility inotsvaga uye inogadzirisa zvikanganiso zve logic file system.
Kana dambudziko racho rakakomba (masector akakuvara, tafura yekuparadzanisa yakaora, mavhairasi), zvichave zvakakosha kusanganisa data recovery, maturusi ekugadzirisa epasi, uye, senzira yekupedzisira, kugadzira uye kugadzira partition yacho patsva. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuva nayo nguva dzose backups.
Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pe exFAT, FAT32, FAT, neFAT16, uye kuti dzinoenderana sei neNTFS, EXT, kana APFS zvinokubatsira kuti uzive musiyano uripo pakati pe exFAT, FAT32, FAT, neFAT16. sarudza fomati chaiyo yeyuniti yega yegaDzivisa miganhu yehukuru hwemafaira isinganzwisisike, deredza zvikanganiso, uye ita shuwa kuti madhisiki, makadhi, uye ndangariro yako zvinoshanda paunenge uchinyatsoda, kubva paWindows PC kusvika paSmart TV kana console yechizvarwa chinotevera.
